Above, these results reveal that supplementation with Akk or recovery of its abundance is an effective strategy for the treatment of ALD. Akk not only represses the production and translocation of endotoxin/LPS and recovers the diversity of the microbiota, but also promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and mucins and TJ expression to enhance intestinal barrier integrity. Here are a few of my best articles to get you started on optimizing the health of your gut: By combining some lifestyle tweaks that support a healthy gut and incorporating some beneficial probiotics, like akkermansia muciniphila, you can have a major impact on your gut health and overall well-being. PMC Mechanistically, CCR2+ monocytes can convert B1a cells into 4BL cells after they infiltrate into the omentum and induce IR by expressing 4-1BBL receptor signaling (128). As described in the previous chapter, the membrane proteins and EVs of Akk show potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetes benefits, and future research should consider the effects of the outer membrane proteins, EVs, and different strains of Akk on metabolic syndrome. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Plovier H., Everard A., Druart C., Depommier C., Van Hul M., Geurts L., Chilloux J., Ottman N., Duparc T., Lichtenstein L., et al. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss. Gut Microbiome in the Progression of NAFLD, NASH and Cirrhosis, and Its Connection with Biotics: A Bibliometric Study Using Dimensions Scientific Research Database. Yet, it is worth noting that several studies found that elevated Akk abundance is positively associated with aggravated host disease progression. 1 ). Polyphenols (plant-based compounds that often protect against infection, disease, and support immunity) are believed to do this. Diabetes is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin dysfunction and glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D [57]. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The colonies with high diabetes incidence exhibited reduced bacterial diversity, AKK in particular, compared with the low-incidence colony in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with different diabetes incidence [59]. Improvement in Zebrafish with Diabetes and Alzheimer's - ResearchGate Inflamm Bowel Dis 15, 1090-1100. A strict policy against plagiarism is maintained; all our content is unique, curated by our team of writers and editors at Fullscript. Ransohoff R.M., Hafler D.A., Lucchinetti C.F. Wang B., Chen X., Chen Z., Xiao H., Dong J., Li Y., Zeng X., Liu J., Wan G., Fan S., et al. Disclaimer. The above results suggest that administration of Akk can inhibit the activation of CCR2+ monocytes, resulting in B1a cells failing to convert into 4BL cells, which demonstrates that Akk may be a potential target treatment of aging-associated IR (Figure 3). Aged mice administration of Akk (4.9 108 CFU) ameliorates intestinal integrity and homeostasis by inhibiting the infiltration of the proinflammatory molecule LPS, accelerating the renewal and turnover of intestinal cells, and increasing the abundance of Akk in the gut microbiome [137]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Specific-pathogen-free and germ-free mice intake of or colonization with Akk combined with the intake of a chicken-protein-based diet demonstrated significantly increased Akk abundance and strengthened gut mucus barriers such as an increased number of goblet cells, Muc2 mRNA expression level, and colon mucus layer thickness compared with mice fed a soy-protein-based diet [186]. However, it is worth noting that Akk was found to be enriched in patients with PD by a clinical meta-analysis and whether Akk would exacerbate the progression of PD still warrants further investigations [140]. Since Akkermansia probiotics havent gone through enough vigorous testing, these scientists recommend cranberry as a healthy alternative to naturally building Akkermansia in the gut. (b) MicroRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d) promotes -galactosidase expression and Akk abundance, which in turn promotes Tregs differentiation to suppress MS/EAE symptoms. Genome sequencing of 39 Akkermansia muciniphila isolates reveals its population structure, genomic and functional diverisity, and global distribution in mammalian gut microbiotas. Nature 473: 174180. Direct replenishment of Akk is sufficient to prevent Ovx-induced imbalanced bone metabolism and protect against osteoporosis via promoting the secretion of EVs, and this is required to induce child gut microbiota- and Akk-induced bone-protective effects [42]. Agreeing to the use of cookies is your choice. My functional med practitioners say to completely avoid corn and milk; isnt this product a no no for me? Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: A proof-of-concept exploratory study. Lancet Neurol 16, 505-512. Oral Administration of miR-30d from Feces of MS Patients Suppresses MS-like Symptoms in Mice by Expanding Akkermansia muciniphila. The abundance of Akk is decreased in patients and/or mouse models with AD, and Akk treatment ameliorates HFD-induced AD. T2D, overweightness, obesity, and long-term alcohol consumption generally accompanied by and/or leading to NAFLD/ALD, which include simple steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, all of which can deteriorate towards ASH/NASH and ultimately deteriorate to HCC. These findings highlight that Akk-specific immune responses are context dependent and suggest that contextual signals during homeostasis influence T cell responses to the microbiota and modulate host immune function. Towards metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: Progress from the metabolome. AA treatment increases Akk abundance by uniquely promoting Akk growth. (12), In addition to supplementing with Akkermansia directly, several studies have found that polyphenol-rich supplements such as cranberry extract can also increase Akkermansia levels in the gut. Interspecies commensal interactions have nonlinear impacts on host immunity. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted For instance, Akk can maintain gut barrier function, reshape the perturbed microbial community, and promote SCFA secretion [41]. However, most of the current researches focus on the correlation between A. muciniphila and diseases, and little is known about the causal relationship between them. However, the safe dose of Akk and its negative effects are comparatively less well understood. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; IR: insulin resistance; BW: body weight; WD: Western diet; HFD: high-fat diet; HFHC: high-fat high cholesterol; ovx: ovariectomy; T1D: type 1 diabetes; T2D: type 2 diabetes; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; TLRs: Toll-like receptors; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; FIAF: fasting-induced adipose factor; GPRs: G protein-coupled receptors; HDACs: histone deacetylases; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; CNS: central nervous system; TJ: tight junction. A. muciniphila is known to have an important value in improving the host metabolic functions and immune responses. Microorganisms, 8(9), 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091360. In both specific pathogen-free and germ-free IL-10/ mice, the colonization of Akk mediated by NLRP6 was enough to promote intestinal inflammation by inhibiting IL-18 production after modulating the abundance of Akk [122,123]. Group I.D.F.D.A. In layman's terms - the middle value for Akkermansia relative abundance is only around 1/8th of a percentage point! All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Sign up below to be the first to receive latest product updates and special offers only to those on this list! Furthermore, a combination of long-term human clinical administration- and culture-omics (in vitro and in vivo)-based studies would resolve the safety, tolerance, and functional diversity of Akk present among differently diseased individuals in order to further enhance our understanding of Akk colonization in gut microbial ecosystems and thus gain a necessary perspective for improving wellness. In Caco-2 cells and HFD-induced diabetic mice, EV treatment improves intestinal barrier integrity by increasing tight junction (TJ) protein expression in an AMPK-dependent manner [40]. Increasing breast milk betaine modulates abundance in mammalian neonates and improves long-term metabolic health. Metformin, the most popular first-line drug for the treatment of T2D, can ameliorate gut microbiota composition through an increased abundance of Akk, as well as several SCFA-producing microbiotas [169,183]. If insulin sensitivity is low, the body can become resistant to insulin, leading to certain diseases, including diabetes. Microb Biotechnol 11: 476485. She uses functional medicine to help you find answers to the cause of your illness and addresses the biochemical imbalances that may be making you feel ill. She'll help you search for underlying triggers contributing to your illness through cutting edge lab testing and tailor the intervention to your specific needs as an individual. However, oral DSS of mice fed a low-cellulose diet (LCD) drives more severe crypt atrophy and goblet cell depletion, exacerbates gut inflammation, and decreases Akk abundance compared to HCD [102]. In vitro, the two strains of Akk exerted similar anti-inflammatory properties by reducing IL-8 production in TNF--stimulated HT-29 cells, whereas neither of them failed to induce the differentiation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) from the CD4+ T cell population significantly [26]. Pendulums akkermansia muciniphila probiotics. Neuraminidases: Am0705, Am0707, Am1757, Am2085; PH:4.0~9.5; Tm:37~42 C; Outer membrane proteins: PilQ, a 95-kDa IV pili secretin. Since then, its been studied meticulously and is considered a scientific breakthrough.Even though Akkermansia muciniphila is a recent discovery (and science has only tipped the iceberg on the microbiome as a whole), gut health has been an important and prolific study for thousands of years. Yu J., Liu T., Gao Z., Liu R., Wang Z., Chen Y., Cao J., Dong Y. Akkermansia muciniphila Colonization Alleviating High Fructose and Restraint Stress-Induced Jejunal Mucosal Barrier Disruption. Fecal microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in shaping the host gut microbiome, and oral administration of microRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d) from the feces of patients with MS can suppress MS-like symptoms in mice by increasing Akk abundance [145,149]. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of 71 new Akk strains from a cohort of children and adolescents undergoing obesity treatment revealed the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Akk and some phylogroup-specific traits such as oxygen tolerance, adherence, and sulfur acquisition, which likely influence the colonization of Akk in the GI tract and differentially impact host metabolic and immunological health [30]. Consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website. Hossain P., Kawar B., El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing worldA growing challenge. Dietary supplement of Akk ameliorates NAFLD/ALD via regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota and eventually improves body metabolic health. Tyagi A.M., Yu M., Darby T.M., Vaccaro C., Li J.-Y., Owens J.A., Hsu E., Adams J., Weitzmann M.N., Jones R.M., et al. Qingsen S., Guanrui S., Meifang Z., Jingjing S., Cuiying X., Jiejie H., Guoyun L., Guangli Y. Dietary fucoidan improves metabolic syndrome in association with increased Akkermansia population in the gut microbiota of high-fat diet-fed mice. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Andersson, K.E. EVs are derived from Akk and enhance TJ function by activating AMPK, reducing body weight gain, and improving glucose tolerance in HFD-induced diabetic mice [40]. Max: 28.6% Percentage of samples in which: present: 82% absent: 18% Yes, that median value is correct! Epub 2018 Oct 29. Fan L., Xu C., Ge Q., Lin Y., Wong C.C., Qi Y., Ye B., Lian Q., Zhuo W., Si J., et al. The gut microbiota is the key regulator of host homeostasis and the compositional imbalance of microbial communities commonly causes metabolic disorders and exacerbates disease progression [7]. Its called a cross feeder. This is because Akkermansia consumes mucins and then turns them into certain types of short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, future studies should consider the differences in strain, specific host conditions, and mouse strain when evaluating the therapeutic effects of Akk in the treatment of human inflammation including IBD and colitis. H.J., Y.L. Green Tea Encourages Growth of Akkermansia muciniphila. In addition, Akk also decreases the expression of the activation markers major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on dendritic cells (DCs) and CD86 on B cells and increases the IL-10 production stimulated by LPS in whole blood ex vivo [88].