stress in college students statistics 2022

We surmise this may be due to this group taking advanced courses, managing heavier academic workloads, and exploring different majors. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4089, Freire, C., Ferrads, M., Regueiro, B., Rodrguez, S., Valle, A., and Nez, J. C. (2020). We surveyed 843 college students and evaluated whether academic stress levels affected their mental health, and if so, whether there were specific vulnerable groups by gender, race/ethnicity, year of study, and reaction to the pandemic. (2002). Thereby, our findings should be taken in the context of academic stress and mental well-being, and recognize that mental health could be caused by other non-academic factors. 41 Eye-Opening Stress Statistics & Facts for 2023 Appl. Methods The Perception of Academic Stress Scale is an 18-item scale designed to assess sources of academic stress perceived by individuals and measures three main academic stressors: academic expectations, workload and examinations, and academic self-perceptions of students (Bedewy and Gabriel, 2015). Gen X: 5.2. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258493, Margraf, J., Zhang, X. C., Lavallee, K. L., and Schneider, S. (2020). Psychol. Internet Res. Health Sci. 83, 598626. Anxiety is the highest concern for counseling services in college. Measuring mental well-being in Denmark: validation of the original and short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS and SWEMWBS) and cross-cultural comparison across four European settings. Health Syst. Figure 4. Both the SWEMWBS and PAS scores are a summation of responses to the individual questions in the instruments. Academic stress and its sources among university students. Neurosci. Studies show that a stressor experienced in college may serve as a predictor of mental health diagnoses (Pedrelli et al., 2015; Liu, C. H., et al., 2019; Karyotaki et al., 2020). doi: 10.1037/str0000099, Keywords: academic stress, well-being, college students, Perception of Academic Stress, Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, COVID-19, Citation: Barbayannis G, Bandari M, Zheng X, Baquerizo H, Pecor KW and Ming X (2022) Academic Stress and Mental Well-Being in College Students: Correlations, Affected Groups, and COVID-19. Sep. 23, 2020 College students are under a lot of stress, even more so lately due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc. Stress and coping in adolescents. (2018). Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2011.584334, Cage, E., Stock, M., Sharpington, A., Pitman, E., and Batchelor, R. (2020). Educ. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.12.003, Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R. P., Bantjes, J., et al. Rev. 2. First, the correlational study design precludes making any causal relationships (Misra and McKean, 2000). Acta Psychol. 20, 11151134. Playing the admissions game: student reactions to increasing college competition. Thirteen individuals indicated that they were not college students. Disord. Statistics Public Opin. Longitudinal prediction of positive and negative mental health in Germany, Russia, and China. stress The use of Cronbach's alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1086/341394, Lakens, D.. (2013). Depress. Minority college student mental health: does majority status matter? Int. Primary mental health Rev. 5, 150155 doi: 10.32674/jimphe.v5i1.2576, Verma, R., Balhara, Y. P., and Gupta, C. S. (2011). One of the states four-year university systems, California State University, saw a systemwide drop of just 1.7% in 2021 but 17 of the 23 campuses saw some declines. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.288, Evans, T. M., Bira, L., Gastelum, J. Washington Rising parental expectations and criticism are linked to an increase in perfectionism among college students, which can have damaging mental health consequences, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association. (2021). Behav. Almost nine in 10 college students think campuses Undergraduate enrollment decreased by 7.6% during that same period. doi: 10.1037/sgd0000461, Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., and Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. (2020). Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students. J. Psychol. 4, 863. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863. J Econ Anal Policy 9, 135. mental health issues are prevalent among young adults. 40.3% of college students use marijuana. doi: 10.1257/jep.23.4.119, Brown, D. L.. (2008). 9% have tried to take their own life, while roughly 20% inflicted self-injury. Soc. doi: 10.30564/jpr.v3i2.3032, Taber, K. S.. (2018). Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: a multi-national, cross-sectional study of transgender and nonbinary people. World Psychiatry 14, 231233. College Stress J. Educ. University campuses, professors, and counselors should consider focusing on fostering a more equitable and inclusive environment to encourage marginalized students to seek mental health support (Budge et al., 2020). The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.07.002, Kang, Y. S., Choi, S. Y., and Ryu, E. (2009). Dev. We also thank all the participants for their efforts in the completion of the study. Perspect. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00014-2, Stewart-Brown, S., and Janmohamed, K. (2008). Health Qual. Teachers are calling it quits amid rising school violence - CNN For gender, men were less likely than women or non-binary individuals to report increased stress from COVID-19 (2= 27.98, df = 2, p < 0.001). (2021). A., Peitzmeier, S. M., Restar, A., Adamson, T., Howell, S., Baral, S., et al. Academic stress may be the single most dominant stress factor that affects the mental well-being of college students. 20, 251262. Public Health 46, 718725. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141, Saleh, D., Camart, N., and Romo, L. (2017). SWEMWBS and PAS scores according to gender (mean SEM). 8, 4754. Psychiatry 102:152191. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191, Jarrett, B. 2022 This relationship was most apparent among gender and grade levels. For college students, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes and disruptions to daily life, elevated stress levels, and mental and physical health deterioration (American Psychological Association, 2020; Husky et al., 2020; Patsali et al., 2020; Son et al., 2020; Clabaugh et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2021; Lopes and Nihei, 2021; Yang et al., 2021). Other interventions that have been effective in improving the coping skills of college students include cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness mediation, and online coping tools (Kang et al., 2009; Regehr et al., 2013; Molla Jafar et al., 2015; Phang et al., 2015; Houston et al., 2017; Yusufov et al., 2019; Freire et al., 2020). Am. Educ. Further exploring the relationship between academic stress and mental well-being is important because poor mental well-being has been shown to affect academic performance in college (Tennant et al., 2007; Eisenberg et al., 2009; Freire et al., 2016). African American resiliency: examining racial socialization and social support as protective factors. Counsel. College Student Statistics J. Med. This pattern is particularly true for college students. Another limitation of our study is the nature of satisficing. Methods Instrum. The literature documents myriad challenges facing FGCS, in the form of both adjustment demands and limited resources. However, as measured by partial eta squared, the effect sizes were relatively small, given the convention of 0.01 = small, 0.06 = medium, and 0.14 = large differences (Lakens, 2013). Res. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: examining gender differences in stress and mental health among university students. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. PAS and SWEMWBS scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.53, p < 0.001; Figure 1), indicating that a higher level of perceived academic stress is associated with worse mental well-being in college students within the United States. 11, 841. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00841, Freire, C., Ferrads, M. D., Valle, A., Nez, J. C., and Vallejo, G. (2016). Orient. (2013). Black Psychol. Am. Gender was coded as female, male, or non-binary. J. Clin. Stress Statistics Percent of adults aged 18 and over with regular feelings of depression: 4.8%. Average federal student loan debt has decreased in six of the past 13 quarters, peaking at $37,787 in the third quarter of 2022. Since there may be racial disparities in access to mental health services at the college level, universities, professors, and counselors should offer additional resources to support these students while closely monitoring their psychological well-being (Lipson et al., 2018; Liu, C. H., et al., 2019). Curr. Int. 2nd Edn. Top 10 Stress Statistics for 2022 The lowest stress levels are recorded in adults older than 72. J. Transgender. Emerging Infect. Distress and mental health issues among college students is an emerging topic of study. Res. J. While any college student is vulnerable to these stressors, these concerns are amplified for members of minority groups (Salerno et al., 2020; Clabaugh et al., 2021; McQuaid et al., 2021; Prowse et al., 2021; Kodish et al., 2022). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). MDMA use among college students more than doubled from 2004 to 2016. Psychopathol. Int. Given the skew of the data and potential differences in these populations, we removed the part-time students. PLoS ONE 16, e0258493. Anxiety and depression are the two most common reasons that students seek mental health services, according to the Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2017 Annual Report from Penn State University. Finally, one individual reported their age as a non-number, and four individuals did not answer a question about their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol. in College Students Racial Ethnic Health Disparit. Getting a good nights sleep is a key part of In addition, teaching students healthy stress management techniques has been shown to improve psychological well-being (Alborzkouh et al., 2015). On the other hand, social desirability bias may have influenced the participant's self-reported responses, although our anonymous survey design aimed to reduce this bias (Joinson, 1999; Kecojevic et al., 2020). Impact of survey length and compensation on validity, reliability, and sample characteristics for ultrashort-, short-, and long-research participant perception surveys. Conclusion. What Are the Advantages and Limitations of an Online Sample? Toward a new definition of mental health. That said, 0.7 is often considered a threshold value in terms of acceptable internal consistency, and our values could be considered high or good (Taber, 2018). Like workplace burnout, burnout amongst college students has taken a huge leap over the last few years. 20, 241250. 10, 4974. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214974, Syed, N. B.. (2021). J. Implications for college counseling services. Competition both for admission to college (Bound et al., 2009) and during college (Posselt and Lipson, 2016) has increased over time. J. stress 3, 1218. Academic stress of college students: Comparison of student and faculty perceptions. Emerging adulthood. Two were not fluent in English. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255634. Psychol. Specifically, non-binary individuals and second-year students were disproportionately impacted by academic stress. Annu. FastStats Of these, 89.2 percent were enrolled full time and 10.8 percent were enrolled part time. Studies regarding broad concepts of stress and well-being using a questionnaire are limited, but our study adds value to the understanding of academic stress as a contributor to the overall well-being of college students during this specific point in time (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic). Stress overload, the pathogenic Ultimately, we hope our research spurs readers into advocating for greater academic support and access to group-specific mental health resources to reduce the stress levels of college students and improve their mental well-being. Judy, a study this year by the American College Health Association found that 48 percent of college students reported moderate or severe psychological stress, 53 Alarmingly, Lipson et al. (2012). Other was used for groups that were not well-represented in the sample and included individuals who identified themselves as Middle Eastern, Native American or Alaskan Native, and South Asian, as well as individuals who chose other or prefer not to answer on the survey. 79% of surveyed students reported they had experienced moderate or high stress levels within the last 30 days. The average college student sleeps between 6 Mental health and quality of life in non-binary transgender adults: a case control study. stress The transition to adulthood. According to the American Psychological Association, in 2022, about 80% of post-pandemic college students remained stressed, often exhibiting related health problems. The dimensions of successful young adult development: a conceptual and measurement framework. Front. Psychometric evaluation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) with Chinese University Students. Gender diverse college students exhibit higher psychological distress than male and female peers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Can. doi: 10.1007/s10755-021-09552-y, Lesure-Lester, G. E., and King, N. (2004). A variety of descriptors have been applied to Cronbach's alpha values. 16, 4151. J Am. Playing sports, journaling, painting, cooking, or drawing can help pupils get relief from the pressures of college life. doi: 10.1080/15532739.2018.1452660, Toscos, T., Carpenter, M., Drouin, M., Roebuck, A., Kerrigan, C., and Mirro, M. (2018). Psychol. (2020). While the incidence of all other mental illnesses reported by college students has declined or remained flat, these two mental health conditions have shown year 6,178187. Models for the stress-buffering functions of coping resources. (2007). (2015). Trauma 12, S239S242. In October 2022, 11.6 million people ages 16 to 24 were enrolled in college. While several studies indicate that racial/ethnic minority groups of students, including Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian American students, are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and suicidality than their white peers (Lesure-Lester and King, 2004; Lipson et al., 2018; Liu, C. H., et al., 2019; Kodish et al., 2022), these studies are limited and often report mixed or inconclusive findings (Liu, C. H., et al., 2019; Kodish et al., 2022). Psychol. Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: a longitudinal study from China. (2007). Coll. It has increased from 19.4% in 2011 to 24.2% in 2021. Personal, health, academic, and environmental predictors of stress in residence halls. Source: Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the 2021 National Health Interview Survey [PDF 159 KB] As such, there were only two instances in which Tukey's post-hoc tests revealed more than one statistical grouping (Figures 24). (2015). Psychol. J. A total of 957 students completed measures of motivation, sense of purpose, academic adjustment, grit, and COVID-related stress across 7 semesters. Hadler, N. L., Bu, P., Winkler, A., and Alexander, A. W. (2021). Second, to identify groups that could experience differential levels of academic stress and mental health. Burnout isnt just a buzzword; its an increasing problem. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. (2009). SWEMWBS and PAS scores for all participants. (2016). 34% of college students have been diagnosed with anxiety. Life Outcomes 17, 46. doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1113-1, Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., and Sartorius, N. (2015). Sixty-six percent of first-generation students worked while in school in 2015-16, compared to 61 percent of continuing-generation students. Int. This study aimed to explore the roles doi: 10.3200/JACH.54.1.15-24, Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., and Hunt, J. California is no exception to that trend: The states system of 116 community colleges lost about 15% of its enrollment in the 2020-21 academic year. 24, 417463. Cultural influences in mental health treatment. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. For instance, female college students report experiencing increased stress than their male counterparts (Misra et al., 2000; Eisenberg et al., 2007; Evans et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2021). PLoS ONE 16, e0254215. Annu. Anonymous participants are more likely to satisfice than respondents who answer the question face-to-face (Krosnick et al., 2002). Participants for the study were self-reported college students between the ages of 18 and 30 years who resided in the United States, were fluent in English, and had Internet access. The mean of the sample on the total academic stress score was 53.46 (SD=25.70) as reflected in table 1. Indian J. Psychol. Nearly 60 percent said they worry about having enough money to pay for school, while half are concerned about paying their monthly expenses. Moreover, adaptive coping strategies, including social and emotional support, have been found to improve the mental well-being of students, and stress-reduction peer support groups and workshops on campus could be beneficial in reducing stress and improving the self-efficacy of students (Ruthig et al., 2009; Baqutayan, 2011; Bedewy and Gabriel, 2015; Freire et al., 2020; Green et al., 2021; Suresh et al., 2021). Sociol. J. 22, e21279. PLoS ONE 16, e0246676. College Students First, to determine whether a relationship exists between the two constructs of perceived academic stress, measured by the Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PAS), and mental well-being, measured by the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), in college students. Theory Pract. Of the college students receiving counseling services, 41.6% are seen for anxiety. doi: 10.1080/15532739.2019.1630346, Kajantie, E., and Phillips, D. I. PLoS ONE 15, e0239696. Med. 11, 132148. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: predictors and association with life satisfaction, psychological well-being and coping strategies. 271, 502509. Gender minority mental health in the U.S.: results of a National Survey on College Campuses. Public Health 16, 2864. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162864, Lopes, A. R., and Nihei, O. K. (2021). Both tools have been shown to be valid and reliable in college students with Likert scale responses (Tennant et al., 2007; Bedewy and Gabriel, 2015; Ringdal et al., 2018; Fung, 2019; Koushede et al., 2019). Figure 2. The stress of life apart from familiar family and friends is a common college student stress fact. J. Clin. Figure 1. statistics 42, 7792. Biomed Pharmacol J 11, 1. doi: 10.13005/bpj/1404, Regehr, C., Glancy, D., and Pitts, A. Read the journal article. Stress McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania. How to manage stress about money while you're in college - CNBC Yes, there are student loans and financial aid programs, but in the end, an average student pays around $10,675 per year. Conversely, a fairly small 11% of them considered their health to be poor. (2020). We hope that our study sparks interest in both exploring and funding in-depth and well-designed psychological studies related to stress in colleges in the future. students doi: 10.1007/BF00896930, Hogan, D. P., and Astone, N. M. (1986). When considering the effects of gender, non-binary students, in comparison to gender-conforming students, reported the highest stress levels and worst psychological well-being. Financial aid supports such as Academic stress may be the single most dominant stress factor that affects the mental well-being of college students. Annu. Positive mental health is an understudied but important area that helps paint a more comprehensive picture of overall mental health (Tennant et al., 2007; Margraf et al., 2020). J. J. (American Psychological Association, 2020) The frequency rates of stress-related mental health in 2018 was similar among young adults but baby boomers and older adults reported more stress: Millennials: 56%. Originally Posted: Jun 3, 2023 Bookmark Finally, the day you and your teen have long awaited (maybe even dreaded) is here: college move-in day! Some of them include: An Ohio State study found that burnout rates increased from 40% of students in August of 2020 to an astonishing 71% in April of 2021. A new survey, conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of APA, tells a story of uncertainty and dissolution. Affect. doi: 10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9, Perrew, P. L., and Zellars, K. L. (1999). Stud. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429, Bound, J., Hershbein, B., and Long, B. T. (2009). J. Clin. This is a major transition in your students life, and as a parent, you want to do everything you can to make it as enjoyable and stress-free as possible. Coll. Social desirability, anonymity, and Internet-based questionnaires. Anxiety Statistics (2022) by Joe Davies. Students who reported higher academic stress also reported worse mental well-being in general, irrespective of age, gender, race/ethnicity, or year of study.
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