guide to biogas from production to use

FNR: Mediathek - Guide to Biogas - From production to use Methods for making such estimates are important as biofuels from agricultural residues are receiving increasing policy support from the EU and major biogas producers . For this to happen there will need to be substantial policy and regulatory support in order to provide the investment that the sector needs to make it widely accessible. 2021; Hring et al. In the private sector, therefore, the end consumers' willingness to pay is particularly decisive for the market success of biomethane. 2019). The direct use of biogas has been studied regularly in the literature since 2004. Another difficulty of using pure biogas as a fuel is to ensure a secure supply. The feedstocks described above were considered in this reports assessment of the sustainable biogas and biomethane supply potential, and are further discussed in Section 3 below. PDF Fundamentals on Biogas Production Process - saarcenergy.org This will mean that technology can develop further to create fuel cells and vehicle transportation, which is powered by biogas, making it one of the cleanest and most efficient fuels in almost every walk of life. The upgrading of biogas to biomethane becomes cheaper with increasing biogas volumes due to cost degression in investments costs; therefore, this pathway is particularly interesting for large biogas plants. 2021b). The profitability of the use of biomethane in the various pathways currently depends on subsidies or the consumer decision for a green product. J Bus Econ 90:12891313. Energy Environ Sci 14:30863097. Tax benefits are also conceivable, giving a competitive advantage to renewables over fossil alternatives, as it is already common practice in Sweden in the mobility and heating sectors. In the energy system of the future, flexible power from biogas can reduce overall costs (Fleischer 2018) and can help operators generate additional revenue by selling power during periods of higher prices, potentially helping to make the plant profitable (Lauven et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1176557, Fischer E, Postel J, Ehrendreich F, Nelles M (2016) Energetische Bewertung von landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen mithilfe des mittleren Brennstoffausnutzungsgrades. The market share of natural gas cars is the largest in Italy with 2.49% of the total stock of cars. In the European context, a shift from investigating combined heat and power use to upgrading the biogas produced is evident. Future use of CHP is only viable with high flexibility. The bacteria are also active in landfills where they are the principal process degrading landfilled food wastes and other biomass. This means that not only the power supply, but also the heat and fuel supply have to abandon fossil fuels. During the anaerobic digestion process, some material, known as the digestate, is left behind. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.058, Cucchiella F, DAdamo I, Gastaldi M, Miliacca M (2018) A profitability analysis of small-scale plants for biomethane injection into the gas grid. https://doi.org/10.14669/AM.VOL71.ART1, Banja M, Jgard M, Motola V, Sikkema R (2019) Support for biogas in the EU electricity sectorA comparative analysis. 2016), the potential role of biogas in the mobility sector of the future (Korberg et al. For this reason, utilities are currently focusing on gas tariffs with an admixture of biomethane (Dunkelberg 2015). Liquid biofuels make up around 7% of total bioenergy demand today. File Download. Compared to the direct use of biomethane in the mobility sector, the feed-in into the natural gas grid has the disadvantage that the GHG reduction is reduced by adding propane and thus can be monetized comparatively worse (Patrizio et al. Green H2 is central in the discussion about energy transition. Thus, the goal is the balancing of volatile feed-in from other renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and PV plants (Gsewell et al. Five papers investigated the use of biogas to produce H2. As they do this, they give off biogas, which then rises to the top of the digester, whilst the solid content falls to the bottom and can be extracted and used as fertiliser, animal bedding or flowerpots to name just a few options. As untreated biogas does not meet the minimum specifications of a compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel due to the comparatively high proportion of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor and hydrogen sulfide, it cannot be used in CNG-powered vehicles (Kruczyski et al. Certain industrial subsectors, such as the food and drink and chemicals, produce wet waste with a high organic content, which is a suitable feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Upgrading biogas into biomethane is usually only an interesting business model when subsidies are involved since the costs for producing biomethane exceed the market price for natural gas (Budzianowski and Budzianowska 2015). The regions of investigation can be found worldwide, with a clear focus on Europe. (PDF) How to use biogas?: A systematic review of biogas utilization Accessed 17 Aug 2021, ACEA (2021) Vehicles in use Europe. This financial support can be differentiated so that, for example, special substrates or technical processes are supported. Energy 61:1826. Basically, power and heat from off-site biomethane CHP units can serve the same markets as on-site CHP units, for example for demand-oriented use or balancing the fluctuating generation of wind and solar power (Budzianowski and Budzianowska 2015). 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1738, Liebetrau J, Daniel-Gromke J, Jacobi F (2015) Flexible power generation from biogas. MSW can either feed a biodigester or be disposed in landfill to produce landfill gas. These include primarily subsidies, but also plant size and substrates. According to Parsaee et al. 1. Therefore, it is not expected that direct use of biogas will be a relevant business model in the future. Renew Sust Energ Rev 29:383393. Thus, the promotion of a certain business model leads to an increasing implementation of this utilization pathway. : A systematic review of biogas utilization pathways and business models, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z, Business model 1.2: Demand-oriented flexibilization, Pathway 3: Upgrading of biogas to a gas of higher value, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.057, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10137-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.01.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.060, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00937-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.005, https://doi.org/10.1080/01425918408909945, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.03.070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122476, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-017-0024-z, https://www.eafo.eu/countries/european-union-efta-turkey/23682/countries-compared, https://www.acea.auto/files/report-vehicles-in-use-europe-january-2021-1.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1176557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.085, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-012-0153-z, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2019.05.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.12.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2019.01.005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.04.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.030, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.072, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.045, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1341-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-015-9683-7, https://agriculture.newholland.com/eu/en-uk/equipment/products/agricultural-tractors/t6-methane-power, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.044, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.033, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-012-0513-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1776-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.09.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.053, https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2015.1018992, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.10.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.084, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Thus, biomethane can be used as a fuel in agriculture, replacing diesel and biodiesel. In the second pathway, biogas is used in the immediate vicinity of the biogas plant. 2019). Energy Convers Manage 145:278292. It has already been put to good use in Sweden, Switzerland, and Germany for trains, and it can be very efficient for fleets of trucks. The power that is generated simultaneously in the CHP unit is fed into the public power grid and remunerated according to the current tariffs (Daniel-Gromke et al. In the case of constant energy production by the CHP unit, a high utilization rate can only be achieved with a significantly higher heat demand than covered by the biogas plant (Gsewell et al. However, the research interest in flexibilization in other countries started in 2015, for example, in Latvia (Dzene et al. It needs a consistent political framework for a target-oriented, further development of the industry in the next few decades. There are many options for the utilization of biogas in different energy sectors (power, heat, mobility). J of Clean Prod 161:13291337. The Biogas Handbook | ScienceDirect 2019). Sol Energy 84:604611. PubMed Biogas is actually one form of technology that could provide a powerful solution to many problems in a clean and efficient way. Regarding the relevant papers, the literature utilized (backward search) and further developments in the research field (forward search) were examined for additional relevant publications. 2018). 2020), Bali (Bner et al. Well send you a link to a feedback form. 2015). However, the trend of rising natural gas prices since 2016 could contribute to better profitability in the future (Banja et al. Therefore, the long-term perspective of using the natural gas grid for biomethane is uncertain. The national energy drivers of all countries globally are energy security, environmental protection, and economic growth. Waste Manag 95:102115. J Manag Control 23:5370. The ground work and data collection for this guide to the production to use of biogas were carried out in 2008 and 2009. volume9, Articlenumber:59 (2022) Another goal of decentralized plants can be waste disposal, for example, of wastewater (Bensah and Brew-Hammond 2010) or to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Yuan et al. For the latter, a second CHP unit, a larger gas storage tank, facilities for external heat utilization and an adaptation of the connection to the power grid (e.g., transformer) are required. How to Make Biogas in 5 Easy Steps - Mother Earth News During this time, the number of publications has increased steadily, but not explosively. PDF 2. Production of Biogas by Anaerobic Digestion - Sustainable Conservation Technologies, challenges and perspectives of biogas production within Another option would be to store it underground, in which case the biomethane would be a CO2-negative source of energy. The micro bacteria need to be well nourished in order for them to complete their task effectively, and so ingredients such as manure can sometimes be added. Direct use is only a partially interesting business model in regions without a well-developed gas distribution infrastructure. 2018; Montenegro Camacho et al. This area has significant potential for further growth, although as outlined in subsequent sections of this report this is heavily contingent on the strength and design of policies aimed at decarbonising gas supply in different parts of the world. Aim of flexibilization of CHP plants investigated in studies, n=19, Allocation by country for studies on CHP flexibilization, n=19. By using this website, you agree to our The remaining heat can be used externally, for example, to heat buildings or for crop drying (Watter 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.030, Li H, Tan Y, Ditaranto M, Yan J, Yu Z (2017) Capturing CO2 from biogas plants. 2021). The profitability is considered for agricultural biogas plants, biogas production by wastewater or organic municipal waste is not included in detail. Grim et al. Customers for the biomethane fuel in the proximity who have their own machines and vehicles, but also logistics companies or bus fleet operators are relevant for the success of this sales channel. Introduction Energy is a fundamental requirement for man's comfort and basic needs of everyday life. Some governments, such as Benin, Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, provide subsidies that can cover from half to all of the investment, while numerous projects promoted by nongovernmental organisations provide practical know-how and subsidies to lower the net investment cost. This document sets out the actual value method and default value method for calculating lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of biomethane from biogas for the Green Gas Support Scheme. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-012-0153-z, Herbes C, Halbherr V, Braun L (2018) Factors influencing prices for heat from biogas plants. Around half of the remaining production comes from developing countries in Asia, notably Thailand and India. 2019). Under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to adjust the calorific value of the biomethane (e.g., by adding liquid gas). The aim here is to reduce energy purchase costs so that it is economically more advantageous to consume the energy produced by the biogas plant on-site instead of purchasing power from the grid or thermal energy from other external sources (Gsewell et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2016). Sust Energy Fuels 4:29672986. 2018). 2016). Given this trend, biogas use needs to be accurately monitored and measured. In such industries, biogas production can also have the cobenefit of providing treatment for waste while also supplying on-site heat and electricity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.084, Cucchiella F, DAdamo I (2016) Technical and economic analysis of biomethane: a focus on the role of subsidies. Using waste and residues as feedstocks avoids the land-use issues associated with energy crops. On this basis, the relevance of the paper was determined for further investigation. Renew Sust Energ Rev 138:110548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110548, Szarka N, Scholwin F, Trommler M, Fabian Jacobi H, Eichhorn M, Ortwein A, Thrn D (2013) A novel role for bioenergy: a flexible, demand-oriented power supply. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Chem Eng Technol 40:298305. Description With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The profitability of a CHP unit increases with high shares of heat utilization, e.g., by nearby industry or households (Goulding and Power 2013), so the idea of this utilization pathway is to raise the rate of heat utilization (of the externally available heat) to 100%, if possible (Gsewell et al. Energies 12:1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081565, Hornbachner D, Kryvoruchko V, Gikopoulos C, Dos Santos M, Targyik-Kumer L, Adler R, Klein E (2009) Wirtschaftliche Chancen der Biogas-Versorgung netzferner Gas-Tankstellen gegenber konventioneller Erdgas-Versorgung: Bundesministerium fr Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie, Horschig T, Adams PW, Rder M, Thornley P, Thrn D (2016) Reasonable potential for GHG savings by anaerobic biomethane in Germany and UK derived from economic and ecological analyses. 2020). 2018)), and Asia (Bangladesh (Das et al. The central research interest has been the upgrading of biogas to biomethane, as shown in Fig. Compared to its fossil counterparts, PHB has comparatively high production costs, which limit the material's possible applications and proliferation. The actions to adapt an existing biogas plant to this utilization pathway are, firstly, the identification of potential heat sinks in the immediate proximity of the biogas plant, and, secondly, the adjustment of the generation profile to heat consumers. 2017). These three utilization pathways contribute in different sectors. In the context of the transformation of the energy system, it is relevant to reveal technical possibilities for energy generation that enable a profitability. In this work, a novel way to produce PHB sustainably and cost-effectively was studied. The GHG reduction benefit is amplified by the processing and use of methane (a potent GHG) that could otherwise be released to the atmosphere from the decomposition of organic byproducts and waste. In addition to upgrading following the biogas production (ex situ), it is also possible to produce biomethane in the digester, so-called in situ processes. There is a possibility to further use the captured CO2, which is currently not a common practice (Billig et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4942783, Demuynck M, Nyns E-J (1984) Biogas plants in Europe. The consideration of the direct use of biogas has been relatively constant over the years at a comparatively low level. Natural gas plays a central role in the heat supply particularly in countries with well-developed public natural gas grids, especially for supplying households and industry. The organic wastes could be any thing from animal manure to food scraps, fats and oils, industrial organic residues and even sewage sludge. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. 2020). A Guide to Biogas & It's Uses - Gas Data "Use of Biogas, Other" is not in the list (Anaerobic Digestion, Biomass, Climate Change, Design/Technology, Finance, Policy, Use of Biogas, Waste Treatment, Other) of. The anaerobic has been popular for years as it is something which can be done on the smallest scale, with some biodigesters being used in domestic settings using kitchen waste whilst farms have made use of the animal waste products that are produced every day. (2020) pursued the goal of creating synergy effects from photovoltaics and biogas plants, with the aim of achieving a second-by-second balancing of volatile generation. There are stand-alone digesters which operate as organic recycling businesses in community settings or farm digesters which help farmers manage nutrients, reduce odours, and generate additional farm revenue. However, a carbonneutral energy system of the future cannot work with natural gas, as it generates GHG emissions when used. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-015-9683-7, Natural & Bio Gas Vehicle Association (2019) Vehicle Catalogue, New Holland Agriculture UK (2021) New Holland Agricultural Tractors T6 METHANE POWER Overview. Sustain Prod Consum 18:115129. Energies 12:3184. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12163184, Yuan D, Wang J, Huang X, Mao X-F, Hong Z, Cao Y, Li J (2015) Emission reduction effects of biogas micro-digesters: a case study of rural households in Kaixian China. The specifics of each business model are discussed and the research strength in the area of the different business models is shown. This study evaluates the application of nanomaterials for biogas production from different kinds of waste. Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdw 5(5):151156, Lampinen A (2004) Biogas farming: an energy self-sufficient farm in Finland. Alongside the generation of storable renewable energy, the . A special focus is on the use in the mobility sector. Compared to other renewables that generate and feed in power in a volatile manner, biogas offers the possibility of being stored and thus generating energy flexibly and in accordance to demand (Szarka et al. Almost two-thirds of biogas production in 2018 was used to generate electricity and heat (with an approximately equal split between electricity-only facilities and cogeneration facilities). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.04.015, Lauven L-P, Geldermann J, Desideri U (2019) Estimating the revenue potential of flexible biogas plants in the power sector. There is the possibility of plant pooling, so that smaller biogas plants can also take advantage of the cost degression. 2013). 2015). 2019) and Pakistan (Yasmin and Grundmann 2019)). The H2 is currently transported via trucks as there is no existing H2 grid. 2013). Considering that biogas plants were already being built in European countries in the 1980s (Demuynck and Nyns 1984), it is initially surprising that the research interest has only increased strongly in the last decade. Large amounts of dry ice are used, especially in the food industry, dry ice service companies and the chemical and pharmaceutical industries (Horschig et al. (2012) Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. : Handlungsmglichkeiten fr Anlagenbetreiber, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Gsewell J, Bahret C, Eltrop L (2020) Auswirkungen von vernderten energie- und umweltrelevanten Rahmenbedingungen und Technologiefortschritt auf die Entwicklung schsischer Biogasanlagen - AuRaSa, Gsewell J, Eltrop L, Hufendiek K (2021) Seasonal flexibilisation: a solution for biogas plants to improve profitability. 2017). 2021a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.01.012, Bisaglia C, Brambilla M, Cutini M, Fiorati S, Howell M (2018) Methane/ gasoline bi-fuel engines as a power source for standard agriculture tractors: development and testing activities. J Renew Sustain Energy. Int J Hydrogen Energy 38:52155225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1341-1, Murano R, Maisano N, Selvaggi R, Pappalardo G, Pecorino B (2021) Critical issues and opportunities for producing biomethane in Italy. Heating systems or gas stoves, therefore, do not have to be replaced (Banja et al. Biosynthesis of PHB by . The CO2 can also be used, for example, in FischerTropsch synthesis for the production of cosmetic products or for the production of high-value chemicals and waxes (Horschig et al. Europe, the Peoples Republic of China (hereafter, China) and the United States account for 90% of global production. As the European regulations show, the aim is not baseload operation as this is less beneficial to the energy system.
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