health education on cervical cancerhealth education on cervical cancer

If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This study suggested that, provision of printed media and brief and focused health education by a health professional at primary health facilities could increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening service in Addis Ababa health centers. This signifies the need for interventions that raise the communitys awareness of cervical cancer and screening services. 2017 Jun;137(3):319-324. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12150. Lobo RA, et al. The University of Alabama at Birmingham 's O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center invites those impacted by cervical cancer and their families to attend the CeMe Conversations event on Wednesday, June 14. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, Gmez D, Muoz J, et al. The ectocervix (also called exocervix) is the outer part of the cervix that can be seen during a gynecologic exam. Methodology, WHO works with countries A RCT was conducted at eight public health care centers that provide cervical cancer screening services using visual inspection with acetic acid; each center was assigned to either intervention (one-on-one health education, and receipt of a brochure explaining cervical cancer and benefits of screening) or control (regular care). CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. one-to-one brief health talk : Given one to one talk. On the contrary, being tested for HIV was not associated with cervical cancer screening. If the intervention included an attempt to schedule an appointment, perhaps this too busy issue could be directly addressed with these women and solutions found (were they really too busy, or did they just need further nudging, reassurance and a stronger emphasis on the importance of screening?). Finally, age, marital status, womans educational status, occupation history of STI, HIV testing, allocation to control, and intervention group were included in the multivariable analysis. There's also targeted drug therapy that blocks specific weaknesses present within the cancer cells. Thank you for stating the following in the Acknowledgments Section of your manuscript: "We are grateful for Womens Health Research Working Group at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences for initiating and giving support for this research project. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. In 2018, an estimated 570 000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide and about 311 000 women died from the disease. There is a problem with In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. First Degree and above: What is the difference between diploma and first-degree; Will most readers understand? Education increases the risk of awareness of people towards health risks. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Each woman who participated in the intervention group : Would it be correct to assume that women in the intervention group did NOT have the screening performed at the same time as they came for the initial interview? The PLOS ONE style templates can be found at http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf and http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf. The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends using one-on-one education to increase cervical cancer screening. The study participants were women aged 3049 years who sought care at maternal and child health clinics but who had never been screened for cervical cancer. This could be related to the fact that HIV screening is a routine procedure that is provided for all pregnant women at all health facilities hence: I was unaware of this fact, which explains my comment related to table 1. It seems cervical cancer is relatively ignored. Newly Diagnosed: FIGO 2 Uterine Cancer: What does this mean? Ethiopia has a three-tier health system where one primary hospital, health centers with its five satellite health posts occupy the lowest level (the primary health care unit). Verbal informed consent as it was approved by the Institutional Review Board; was obtained from recruited study participants prior to their enrolment. Therefore, to prevent cervical cancer WHO recommends vaccinating girls aged 9 to 14 years, when most have not started sexual activity. The Womens Health Research Working Group Members at the College of Health Sciences who commented the proposal at the inception of the project are well acknowledged. Using print media is one of the few approaches suggested to reach this target population [3]. All rights reserved. The descriptive analysis involved calculating the frequency and percentage of sociodemographic and health service-related variables. Staff nurses working in immunization, family planning, and children clinics were trained by the study team. The unadjusted analyses should show results of all models, even those for covariates that did not turn out to be significantly associated with the outcome. In 2018 alone there were an estimated 570,000 new cervical cancer cases globally where 6,294 of the cases occurred in Ethiopia [1, 2]. VIA) is essential for treating Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and cervical screening uptake among adult women in rural communities in Nigeria. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis with a binary response variable using a robust estimator and exchangeable working correlation matrix was used. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help If a participant reported that she was not screened, reasons for not screening were asked and those who were screened were asked for the basis of their motivation. e0239580. HPV DNA tests examine the cell specifically for HPV that can lead to pre-cancer. While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. If you'd like to learn even more about cervical cancer, watch our other related videos or visit mayoclinic.org. More than 90% of the infected populations eventually clear the infection. The odds of women with first degree and above to test for cervical cancer is higher AOR = 2.03,95%CI;(1.152.58) than the illiterates. After mothers were recruited into the study, background information was collected using a structured interview questionnaire. Each of the eight health centers were randomly assigned to serve as either an intervention or a control center. In addition, educated women have a better self- efficacy, and access to health care services. If we combine this information with your protected Pap smear is a test that looks for cervical cancer in women by collecting cells from the cervix and is usually done in conjunction with a pelvic exam or with a human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. Anyone with a cervix is at risk for cervical cancer. Palliative care is also an essential element of cancer management to relieve unnecessary pain and suffering due to the disease. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell what to do. Do the others lack general practitioners, nurses, or midwives? Did the authors pursue this, to determine why these women claimed to lack awareness? The HPV test and the Pap test (or Pap smear) can help prevent cervical cancer or find it early. Early arriving patients and health service clients were the target audiences as health education sessions were held every morning before health care workers commence seeing patients. Which is : I believe you mean 30-49 years, which is rather than a new sentence 30-49 years. HIV screening is routine testing to all pregnant women, nearly all women in the intervention and control groups were tested for HIV, this could mask the difference in screening for cervical cancer. For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy. cases of cervical cancer per 100 000 women per year. If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. According to the session schedule, health education on cervical cancer was supposed to be given twice a week. Most studies were published between 2015 and 2020 (86%), many were from Nigeria (47%). Verbal informed consent as it was approved by the Institutional Review Board; was obtained from recruited study participants prior to their enrolment. The life-course approach for cervical cancer prevention and control. WHO has developed guidance and tools on how to prevent and control cervical cancer through vaccination, screening and treatment, management of invasive cancer. Education helped but was in no way enough to motivate these women; it either missed the mark in the way the information was conveyed, or did not include enough information to be taken seriously. Is the Subject Area "Cervical cancer" applicable to this article? For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Your doctor will consider the whole picture of your health and your personal preferences before making a recommendation. January, 2006. The HBM postulates that people will take action to prevent illness if they consider themselves as susceptible to a condition (perceived susceptibility), if they believe it would have potentially serious consequences (perceived severity), if they believe that a particular course of action available to them would reduce the susceptibility or severity (perceived benefits), and if they perceive a few negative attributes related to the health action (perceived barriers) [12]. We wish you well. According to the session schedule, health education on cervical cancer was supposed to be given twice a week. Reviewer #3:This study examined the effect of health education on cervical cancer screening uptake in 2,139 women at selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where awareness of the disease and availability of screening and treatment are limited. Brouwers MC, De Vito C, Bahirathan L, Carol A, Carroll JC, Cotterchio M, et al. The HBM postulates that people will take action to prevent illness if they consider themselves as susceptible to a condition (perceived susceptibility), if they believe it would have potentially serious consequences (perceived severity), if they believe that a particular course of action available to them would reduce the susceptibility or severity (perceived benefits), and if they perceive a few negative attributes related to the health action (perceived barriers) [12]. We examined original, peer-reviewed English literature published between 2005 and 2020. or pre-cancerous lesions, these can easily be treated and cancer can be avoided. This study was conducted in eight health centers which provide cervical cancer screening service using VIA. Attached is a file the Academic Editor has made as suggested changes to the manuscript. 7. Yes Speaking of the vaccination cover among girls, 2 in 10 in the primary target cohort which is 13 years of age in 2020 has received their final HPV . Competing interests: NO authors have competing interest. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx. Each of the eight health centers were randomly assigned to serve as either an intervention or a control center. If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files. John-Akinola YO, Ndikom CM, Oluwasanu MM, Adebisi T, Odukoya O. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at gro.solp@enosolp. Within one week, youll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. Baseline data were collected at recruitment and follow-up data were collected two months after the baseline. Keeping that information organized is important for tracking their journey, preparing for discussions with doctors, and making important decisions. 90% of girls fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by age 15; 70% of women are screened with a high-performance test by 35, and again by 45 years of age; and. Response- Now it is explained in the methods section why 30-49 age group is only included. This finding is in line with studies conducted in Korea and Zimbabwe [19, 20]. When resubmitting, please have someone thoroughly familiar with English proofread the manuscript for language consistancy. Accessibility Women who have prior knowledge about cervical screening tend to seek cervical screening services compared to those who had no prior knowledge [10]. Chelimo C, Wouldes TA, Cameron LD, Elwood JM. We are grateful for Womens Health Research Working Group at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences for initiating and giving support for this research project. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'. My primary concern is that much of the paper is not grammatically correct. U.S. Govt. Inform your patients with easy-to-read materials on a variety of topics including prevention and early detection, treatment, side effects, and survivorship. From the eight health centres that were selected for this study; randomly 4 health centres in each arm were assigned randomly. The sample size was powered to detect 15% and 10% women who would be screened for cervical cancer at the intervention and control health centers, respectively. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Furthermore, the implementation guideline which was developed through reviewing systematic review studies and expert panel discussion in Ontario, Canada recommended that provision of one-to-one education and assessment of providers are effective interventions for the enhancement of cervical cancer screening uptake at the community-level [18]. Please ensure that your manuscript meets PLOS ONE's style requirements, including those for file naming. The authors do a good job describing how their intervention affected uptake of cervical cancer screening and the population characteristics that affected whether subjects were screened. Permission was obtained from all study health facilities. No, Is the Subject Area "Educational status" applicable to this article? For those individuals that we could not contact for a follow-up interview, we have tried to reach them through their phone for three consecutive days. Most participants aged between 30 and 40 years with the mean age being 33 (SD3.8). HIV positive women. Providing focused health education supported by printed educational materials increased the uptake of cervical cancer screening services. Response- Table 3 is now referred in the text. Similarly, a systematic review of 66 interventional studies concluded that small media and one-to-one education are effective interventions to increase the uptake of screening for three cancers including cervical cancer [17]. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the Comments to the Author section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the Confidential to Editor section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation. However, since the randomization was done at the facility level, I suggest that the authors conduct statistical tests to see if the treatment and control groups were statistically significant. Where 1,005(95%): Spell out STI as it is the first time of use in the text. The authors found a significant effect in the intervention group; however, they need to address more fully the obvious problem that even in the intervention group, there was only 14% uptake of services. Baseline data were collected at recruitment and follow-up data were collected two months after the baseline. For those individuals that we could not contact for a follow-up interview, we have tried to reach them through their phone for three consecutive days. In addition, more than half of the women in both groups were housewives. A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. #3 : Is this a web reference. The data collectors put a mark on the checklist given on the consent form, regarding the study participants' responses to participate. Background: the authors should provide more recent statistics on the prevalence of cervical cancer globally and in Ethiopia, if available. If this study is to be valuable to future researchers, the authors should put more emphasis on what went wrong, why, and how it might be fixed. Review/update the Rapid Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia: Successes and System-Wide Effects, Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study, Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education, Cervical Cancer Screening Service Uptake and Associated Factors among Age Eligible Women in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2015: A Community Based Study Using Health Belief Model. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. Chigbu CO, Onyebuchi AK, Onyeka TC, Odugu BU, Dim CC. Registration is free. HPV is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2 We would appreciate receiving your revised manuscript by Apr 23 2020 11:59PM. irregular blood spotting or light bleeding between periods in women of reproductive age; increased vaginal discharge, sometimes foul smelling. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. Prevention, Screening, and General Information Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Followed by immediate treatment or as quickly as possible after an HPV molecular positive test. Role of Health Education on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake at Health Centers of Addis Ababa. 2022 Jan-Dec;29:10732748221130180. doi: 10.1177/10732748221130180. [NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. 3- Please include additional information regarding the survey or questionnaire used in the study and ensure that you have provided sufficient details that others could replicate the analyses. : Are the authors saying checkmarks were put on all clients forms, so that at the end of the study the authors could determine the total number asked, and thus also what percent of those asked to join the study, regardless whether intervention or control, actually refused? Similar to the HIV program if cervical cancer screening is integrated with the routine maternal health service programs like family planning; the uptake would have increased. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Copyright: 2020 Abu et al. To enhance the reproducibility of your results, we recommend that if applicable you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io, where a protocol can be assigned its own identifier (DOI) such that it can be cited independently in the future. In the intervention health centers, eligible women were recruited from the selected three units (family planning, immunization service, and clinics for infants and children). HPV vaccination does not replace cervical cancer screening. When submitting your revision, we need you to address these additional requirements: 1. The intervention would be stronger if it was assisted by more frequent sessions and reminders. All the selected facilities provided cervical cancer screening services using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. HPV is very common, and most people with the virus never develop cancer. July 2017. http://www.nccc-online.org/about-nccc/international-cervical-cancer/, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols, http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf, http://www.plosone.org/attachments/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. 8. 8600 Rockville Pike Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? Hence, the implementation of VIA is a promising intervention that will help to control the disease. The opportunity this test provides to treat the lesions at the spot is an added benefit as coupling screening with on spot treatment services increases the effectiveness of control programs [7]. If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files. Mediators and moderators of the effect of the game changers for cervical cancer prevention intervention on cervical cancer screening among previously unscreened social network members in Uganda. 2012 Jun 7;12:413. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-413. The columns for variables not included in the multivariable analysis would just be left blank in the Adjusted OR columns. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in the World. Advances in current cervical cancer clinical research trials will also be addressed. An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. Rates of cervical cancer have gone down in the United States. Accessed June 14, 2019. Please do not edit.]. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1340-8. We recommend that integrating a one-to-one health education and administering educational brochures which are written in simple languages about cervical cancer and benefits of early screening with the existing maternal health programs are worthwhile. Crowell & Moring International is joining forces with Roche, TogetHER for Health, CAPED and Jhpiego to raise awareness about the surge of breast and cervical cancer cases in the Asia-Pacific . study done among 1186 women in Mekelle : Interesting that the rate of screening at Mekelle was roughly 6 times greater there than at your institution (19.6% vs 3% of your noninterventional cluster). This study was conducted in an urban area where most people can read and write or have someone around to read for them. Of the estimated 342 000 deaths from cervical cancer in 2020, about 90% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries. What implementation interventions increase cancer screening rates? This diagram shows different parts of a womans reproductive system. Am I correct only about 3% (64) of the non-interventional cluster came for screening? The odds of women with first degree and above to test for cervical cancer is higher AOR = 2.03,95%CI;(1.152.58) than the illiterates. This indicates low awareness about cervical cancer screening is a barrier to the uptake of screening services. . Lott BE, Trejo MJ, Baum C, McClelland DJ, Adsul P, Madhivanan P, Carvajal S, Ernst K, Ehiri J. BMC Public Health. Writing review & editing. Risk factors for cervical cancer include: Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Gynecologic Cancers support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. An assessment of womens awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and screening and the barriers to cervical screening in Ogun State, Nigeria, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences.