https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2020.01.10. Zhou SY, Wang CX, Cai XY, Huang D, Liu YZ. Covidence was used as an initial organizational tool to extract the interventions, outcomes, and population characteristics of each study. Ritter TA, Shrout TR, Tutwiler R, Shung KK. An initial screening of titles and abstracts was first performed to identify possible relevant studies. Mirmohammadsadeghi A, Manuchehri V, Akbari MR. Acta Ophthalmol. Retina. 2015;31:438-445. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S66682. JLA has grant support from the UMB ICTR/Clinical Science and Translational Science KL2 Award 1KL2TR003099-01 and R43EY030798-01. Br J Ophthalmol. Catal J, Cuadras D, Castany-Aregall M, et al. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.1.62. Surve A, Meel R, Pushker N, Bajaj M. Ultrasound biomicroscopy image patterns in normal upper eyelid and congenital ptosis in the Indian population. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.019. Studies with four or more pediatric subjects were included for detailed extraction. The concept of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) specifically for ocular tissue was first introduced by Marmor who used a probe frequency of 1000MHz on postmortem eyes to obtain images of the human retina at resolutions comparable to light microscopy [1]. zdal MP, Mansour M, Deschnes J. Ultrasound biomicroscopic evaluation of the traumatized eyes. Marmor MF, Wickramasinghe HK, Lemons RA. Ocul Surf. To image organs deeper than 6 cm beneath the skin (i.e., heart, stomach, diaphragm, and lung), we chose an ultrasound probe with a center frequency of 3 MHz and adopted the phased array imaging method (figs. Among the reviewed case reports and small series, 50% of publications focused on iridociliary cysts and 50% evaluated small solid tumors of various subtypes but not including retinoblastoma. 2010;36:826-831. Micromachining techniques in developing high-frequency piezoelectric composite ultrasonic array transducers. In an ultrasound imaging system, the lateral resolution can be related via diffraction theory to the full width of the ultrasound beam at half maximum amplitude (FWHM) and is given by equation 1: FWHM = cf/ ( d) = (f-number) Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. 2016. Fifty-six percent of the studies looked at either specific qualitative UBM features or UBM evaluation of post-traumatic sequelae such as traumatic iris cysts or corneal scarring. Mutation survey of candidate genes and genotypephenotype analysis in 20 Southeastern Chinese patients with AxenfeldRieger syndrome. The advantage of penetration depth became the key driving force making this device an indispensable clinical tool that AS-OCT could complement, but not replace. These applications merely scratched the surface of the available clinical applications of a shallow depth yet high-resolution imaging tool unrestrained by the need for light penetration. 2013;120:212212.e2123. [9] Additionally, UBM can be used for clinical diagnosis and management of anterior ocular trauma, anterior segment cysts and neoplasms, uveitis/scleritis, localization of IOL implants in suspected uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome, and planning for secondary IOL implantation, among other uses. 2013;32:e2530. CAS Opportunity remains in augmenting various steps in the process from image acquisition to image analysis. Comperative analysis of accuracy between low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging for the evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataracts | BMC Ophthalmology | Full Text Research Open Access Published: 22 October 2021 Cross-sectional images of the eye are produced using a frequency range of 25-100 MHz. Ophthalmol. 2017;124:181725. Pediatric eyelid and lacrimal evaluations using UBM revealed that congenital ptosis, and outcomes of congenital ptosis surgery could be evaluated using UBM. Eye 35, 265276 (2021). Methods Nischal KK, Naor J, Jay V, MacKeen LD, Rootman DS. 2020;15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227602. Not all seeds are created equal: seed classification is predictive of outcomes in retinoblastoma. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.040. J Clin Ultrasound. J AAPOS. Gonzlez-Martn-Moro J, Contreras-Martn I, Muoz-Negrete FJ, Gmez-Sanz F, Zarallo-Gallardo J. Cyclodialysis: an update. 2003;135:67680. A 30-MHz piezo-composite ultrasound array for medical imaging applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.08.132. Introduction The noninvasive visualisation of living tissue at the microscopic level is a long cherished dream in the fields of medicine and biology. Covidence was used to manage and detect duplicate references and for screening purposes. The majority of these subjects were school-age children with significant visual compromise. 2014;8:172530. Other reported uses include a general assessment of inflammatory lesions of the iris, ciliary body, pars plana, and peripheral vitreous in infectious, autoimmune, and idiopathic cases. Ciliary atrophy in two studies was found to be predictive of response to treatment [33, 34]. This purpose of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the body of literature involving use of UBM to describe, evaluate, diagnose, or optimize treatment of pediatric ocular disease. Nanji AA, Mercado C, Galor A, Dubovy S, Karp CL. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01308.x. Clinically, intraoperative UBM may have future applications in pediatric ophthalmic disease. https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000017. 2000;130:4839. Curr Eye Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.04.010. Different types of foreign materials including metal, glass, and organic materials were identified. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.025. 2011;118:216671. You and your specialist can see clear, well-defined views of your joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and soft tissues. CAS Epidemiology and molecular genetics of congenital cataracts. UBM and AS-OCT are both imaging techniques used to image the AS of the eye. The lower frequency increases the depth of detection, allowing the whole white lens to be visualized. 2004;20:30811. Studies with few pediatric subjects (n=3 or less) were evaluated separately as case reports or small series. Image features of lens opacity in pediatric cataracts using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Izatt JA, Hee MR, Swanson EA, et al. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2010;117:21915. The remaining 43% of publications evaluated pre- and postoperative anatomy. Li Y, Shekhar R, Huang D. Corneal pachymetry mapping with high-speed optical coherence tomography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.03.011. Recently several devices have been introduced to measure the CCT such as optical coherence tomography, 19 confocal microscopy, 20 ultrasound biomicroscopy, 6, 21 and the Artemis-2 very high frequency ultrasound scanner (VHFUS). Structural changes of the anterior segment measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy in pediatric glaucoma. By better understanding features of the pediatric eye that have been previously studied, we aim to bring attention to the areas of study that are lacking, in particular quantitative outcomes assessments, longitudinal or cohort studies to identify clinically relevant risk factors for clinical worsening or improvement, interventional cohort studies, and continued evaluation of the structural anatomy of the anterior segment that contributes to disease. Ophthalmology. 2005;31:82440. PubMed JLB has grant support from National Cancer Institute of the NIH Award K08CA232344, Hyundai Hope on Wheels, and The Wright Foundation. Smith SD, Singh K, Lin SC et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/58.985706. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2860. Rezende RA, Uchoa UBC, Uchoa R, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR, Cohen EJ. 2015;23:739. 2017:1704. Int Ophthalmol. 2017;21:e24. Genotypephenotype correlations were reported using UBM for CYP1B1 [17] and AxenfeldRieger syndrome candidate genes (PITX2, FOXC1, and PRDM5) [18]. Ultrasound devices, which generate high-frequency sound waves, are best known for their imaging powers. J Refract Surg. Interestingly, changes of ET have been shown even in subclinical disease and could be a sensitive marker in early and form fruste keratoconus. https://doi.org/10.3109/09273972.2015.1025987. Google Scholar. AI applications of UBM image analysis have been published among adult subjects [97], leaving pediatric UBM image analysis using AI an understudied area of great potential. This new imaging tool quickly developed a niche in ophthalmic imaging due to its ability to image through corneal opacities, assess anterior segment tumors, introduce a method for quantitative gonioscopy, and better define the relationships among structures to understand disease mechanisms. The authors found that UBM was helpful in the making the correct diagnosis and treatment plan in these traumatized eyes [52]. AS-OCT can also generate up to 10mm corneal diameter CT and ET maps by performing high resolution scans on 8 meridians of the cornea, with automated software that reconstructs the cornea 3-dimensionally. In order to fully appreciate the quantitative features of UBM imaging in pediatric disease, a sophisticated understanding of normal structural anatomy is essential. This page was last edited on March 21, 2023, at 09:01. PLoS ONE. The body of literature focused on pediatric applications for UBM imaging includes numerous case reports (n=32) and small series (n=34), as well as larger studies (n=116), most of which had prospective design (58%) and assessed quantitative and clinical outcomes. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. Strabismus. 2007;35:4249. with near-microscopic resolution (reviewed in [ 2. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e31819a5fd8. Role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the planning for secondary implantation of intra ocular lens in aphakia. Emery J, Ho D, Mackeen L, Hon E, Bissonnette B. Pupillary reflex dilation and skin temperature to sensory level during combined general and caudal anesthesia in children. High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography as an Adjunctive Tool in the Diagnosis of Corneal and Conjunctival Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27492012000200010. Extraocular muscle and eyelid studies using UBM among pediatric subjects have grown since these applications were first published in 2002 and 2004, respectively [13, 14]. The collated peer-reviewed research details the utility of this imaging modality, clarifies the structures and diseases most relevant for this tool, and describes quantitative and qualitative features of UBM imaging among pediatric subjects. Darusman KR, Wong IB. Evaluation of vertical rectus muscles using ultrasound biomicroscopy. A summary of the included studies regarding UBM equipment type and study design are shown in Table2. The remaining 44% of papers evaluated the use of UBM in the setting of ocular trauma. Studies utilizing UBM for the diagnosis or management of glaucoma found this imaging tool to provide key information regarding concurrent anomalous structures, and for surgical planning. https://doi.org/10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.04.20. Function of this element relies heavily on the substance material properties, and micromachining techniques. Hoal BM, Ayer NG, Zileliolu G, Elhan AH. Structural changes of the ciliary body and ciliary processes measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy of primary congenital glaucoma in comparison to glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery. Ultrasonography can also be used to monitor for regression in the overall volume of the tumor with globe-sparing therapy. Zhou M, Chang Q, Gonzales JA, et al. All studies noted that peripheral retinal granuloma was approximately twice as common as posterior granuloma. Surv Ophthalmol. Evaluation of extraocular muscle insertions in the setting of strabismus was evaluated in six studies. Int Ophthalmol. Chen WS, Xiang DM, Hu LX. Purpose To determine the use of high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the assessment of inflammatory lesions of the iris, ciliary body, pars plana and peripheral vitreous, and in . Google Scholar. The 22 publications evaluating UBM use in the setting of childhood glaucoma combined to contribute a total of 890 eyes from 557 pediatric subjects. Google Scholar. It was first introduced in the early 1990s by Foster and Pavlin as a way to obtain cross-sections of the eye at microscopic resolution. Role of ultrasound and biomicroscopy in evaluation of anterior segment anatomy in congenital and developmental cataract cases. Glaucoma in children: are we making progress? Glaucoma and globe enlargement associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Kueny LS, Andrews L, Martinez C, et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopy: An overview DOI: CC BY-NC-SA Authors: DeepakC Bhatt Abstract and Figures Ultrasound biomicrosopy (UBM) is a technique used to visualize the anterior segment of the eye. Human studies using UBM to diagnose, predict, or guide management. Nishijima K, Takahashi K, Yamakawa R. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the anterior segment after congenital cataract surgery. These studies evaluating UBM use in trauma included pediatric subjects, but were not exclusively focused on the pediatric age group. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Seven studies compared subjects with various subtypes of pediatric glaucoma to matched controls. https://doi.org/10.1177/112067211002000605. Studies lacking use of UBM or not reporting UBM results. Ophthalmic use of UBM was refined for in vivo use by Pavlin as an adaptation of ultrasound technology, providing high-resolution images of the anterior eye [2]. CAS Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in the assessment of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) and to correlate the imaging features with pathologic findings. Updates in ocular surface tumor diagnostics. Nine hundred and eighty-five studies were excluded in the title and abstract screening and another 146 studies were excluded in the full-text screening. Qureshi A, Chen H, Saeedi O, et al. Biglan AW. Pavlin CJ, Sherar MD, Foster FS. A systematic review of ultrasound biomicroscopy use in pediatric ophthalmology. Micrometer-scale resolution imaging of the anterior eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography. Khan HA, Smith DR, Kraft SP. However in the case of a cyclodialysis cleft where the angle may appear closed to the observer, UBM is particularly useful in the localization of the cleft. Corneal thickness (CT), measurement between the anterior surface of the epithelium and posterior surface of the endothelium. Liu C, Zhou Q, Djuth FT, Shung KK. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.01.006. Preoperative evaluations quantified anterior chamber anatomy and assisted in surgical management of capsular anomalies (posterior defects and membranous cataracts) [43,44,45]. Retina. Ophthalmology. Kamal AM, Hanafy M, Ehsan A, Tomerak RH. Bayan Al Othman, Jared Raabe, Andrew G. Lee, Marc B. Muijzer, Peter A.W.J. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27492010000200014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.06.014. 2006;113:792-799 e792. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpa.2002.122365. 2017;21:4636.e1. The most common topic of literature evaluating use of UBM in pediatric subjects with corneal pathology was congenital corneal opacities (CCO), including but not limited to the spectrum of anterior segment dysgenesis. Identifying novel clinical applications, particularly in pediatric populations, is key to realizing the full potential of UBM. 2018;66:3838. Duplicate articles were removed from the initial database search, and the list of references was managed with Covidence. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6700382. Ophthalmol. Liu J, Li S, Deng G, Yang W, Chen W, Lu H. Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging in paediatric ocular toxocariasis. https://doi.org/10.1109/58.985701. Nakagawa N, Kinoshita I, Hayashi H, Oshima K. Biometry of the ciliary body in premature eyes using ultrasound biomicroscope. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.08.014. There was a total of 1597 records across all databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE). 2016;36:391-400. AS-OCT can also provide quantitative measurements and is used in keratoconus diagnosis, corneal refractive surgery, corneal transplant surgery, and other ocular surface diseases including tumors. Ultrasound biomicroscopy diagnosis of congenital glaucoma. While these unique features render UBM essential for specific types of trauma, congenital anomalies, and anterior segment tumors, UBM imaging has found clinical utility in a broad spectrum of diseases for structural assessments not limited to the anterior intraocular anatomy, but also for eyelid and orbit anatomy. Nelson LB, Spaeth GL, Nowinski TS, Margo CE, Jackson L. Aniridia. 78 Although some concern exists regarding Doppler exposure levels, . Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Studies reported that UBM improved detection of complications, diagnosis, and management in pediatric uveitis. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182335998. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034728. PLoS ONE. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), the distance between the central corneal endothelium and the anterior surface of the lens. ISSN 1476-5454 (online) BMC Ophthalmol. Al-Faky YH. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy images of zebrafish eyes were obtained with these transducers which demonstrate the feasibility of high resolution imaging with a performance comparable to optical. Their teams vision to create a tool capable of imaging parts of the eye otherwise not directly viewable opened up new possibilities, influencing the ophthalmic assessment of not only the anterior segment, but also the eyelid, extraocular muscles, and the posterior segment. Among those, the vast majority of studies utilized at 50MHz probe. Solarte CE, Smith DR, Buncic JR, Tehrani NN, Kraft SP. Nakagawa T, Maeda N, Okazaki N, Hori Y, Nishida K, Tano Y. Ultrasound biomicroscopic examination of acute hydrops in patients with keratoconus. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.IOP.0000129532.33913.E7. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2010;73:1714. You C, Wu X, Ying L, Xie L. Ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging of sclerotomy in children with cataract undergoing 25-gauge sutureless pars plana anterior vitrectomy. Harding SA, Nischal KK, Upponi-Patil A, Fowler DJ. Acoustic microscopy of the human retina and pigment epithelium. 2016;16:163. BMC Ophthalmol. Covidence identified 350 duplicates, leaving 1247 records to screen. A high-frequency linear ultrasonic array utilizing an interdigitally bonded 2-2 piezo-composite. 1990;97:24450. Transl Vis Sci Technol. Additional key uses of UBM among pediatric subjects with uveitis were to evaluate causes of hypotony, presence of pars planitis, and to evaluate for toxocara uveitis. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_915_17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.07.007. [5], Further, UBM is frequently used in research to better understand the angle and can be used for qualitative analysis of the anterior chamber angle (ACA). 2010;128:47882. Am J Ophthalmol. Ultrasound biomicroscopy-guided assessment of acute corneal hydrops. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 1999;237:36171. Kurilec JM, Zaidman GW. More recently published pediatric glaucoma studies were generally of good quality, including a large proportion of quantitative data, comparative studies, prospective design, and some studies incorporated blinding of observers. Miranda D, Sartori M, Francesconi C, Allemann N, Ferrara P, Campos M. Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments for severe keratoconus. Zur D, Neudorfer M, Shulman S, Rosenblatt A, Habot-Wilner Z. High-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for anterior scleral inflammatory disease. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in 2012;154:39-46. Google Translate was used for data extraction from non-English publications. Am J Ophthalmol. Sharma N, Mannan R, Jhanji V, et al. Due to the enhanced safety profile now in place, aided by UBM imaging, intravitreal chemotherapy injections are routinely done and have been found to be safe and highly efficacious for the treatment of vitreous seeding and intracameral seeding in retinoblastoma [29]. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1994.01090240090031. Results address UBM equipment, the pediatric diseases of interest, and the specific applications and outcomes of UBM imaging in pediatric studies. A review. Miao S, Lin Q, Liu Y, Song YW, Zhang YN, Pan ZQ. PubMed Central Ludwig K, Wegscheider E, Hoops JP, Kampik A. Zhao YE, Gong XH, Zhu XN, et al. These diseases are heterogenous and rare. Clinical characteristics and surgical procedures for children with congenital membranous cataract. Elfiky M, Saad H, Elseht R, Selima A. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:1584 1589. This dramatically enhances image resolution for small structural anatomy, but results in less depth of sound wave penetration, as high frequency sound waves attenuate more quickly than low frequency sound waves. PubMed 2013;156:806812. To obtain Invest. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Highfrequency ultrasound blood flow imaging and measurement can be accomplished by either Doppler methods or a timedomain method called swept mode. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e318261eb2b. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;237:3816. Br J Ophthalmol. Kobayashi H, Ono H, Kiryu J, Kobayashi K, Kondo T. Ultrasound biomicroscopic measurement of development of anterior chamber angle. The clinical focus of case reports and small series differed from that of the larger studies. 2002;49:16976. 2016; 25: e82e86. 2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004170050245. 2016;36:391400. Google Scholar. Sewelam A, Ismail AM, El Serogy H. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of haptic position after transscleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Angle recess area (ARA), the triangular area bound between the AOD line and the angle recess. , (UBM)UBM, , UBM, , , , , UBM, , UBM, . Li Y, Chamberlain W, Tan O, Brass R, Weiss JL, Huang D. Subclinical keratoconus detection by pattern analysis of corneal and epithelial thickness maps with optical coherence tomography. UBM identified 95% of peripheral granulomas compared to intraoperative evaluation [31]. Anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy image analysis using ImageJ software: Intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer agreement. Additional case-control and cohort studies are needed in this area to generate consensus on the anatomic changes and clinical implications of congenital and childhood cataract surgery.